Viral Encephalitis is Treatable

Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain caused by a viral infection. There are two forms of this condition. Primary encephalitis occurs when the viral infection directly affects the brain and spinal cord. Secondary encephalitis occurs when the infection initially occurs in another place in the body, then travels to the brain. Most cases of encephalitis are mild, causing symptoms like headache and lethargy. More severe cases may be accompanied by confusion, severe headache, stiff neck, and seizures. Arborvirus encephalitis is the type transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks. This type of encephalitis is not very common. Other viruses that may lead to encephalitis include those which cause herpes and rabies. Avoiding these viruses is the best way to prevent viral encephalitis.

For mild cases, recommended treatment is rest and healthy eating, with plenty of fluids. Over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) may be used to alleviate fever and headache. Antiinflammatory drugs may help reduce swelling and pressure of the skull. When encephalitis is caused by the herpes-simplex virus or varicella zoster virus, antiviral drugs such as acyclovir (Zovirax) may be used for treatment. Gancyclovir (Cytovene) is another antiviral that may be used.