Who Should Get the Meningitis Vaccine?

Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes and cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Most cases occur in persons between the ages of 15 and 24, and older adults tend to have a higher incidence than young children. In most instances, this is caused by a viral infection, although bacterial and fungal infections may also lead to this condition. Typically, bacterial meningitis is more severe than viral meningitis, and may be fatal if left untreated. Symptoms may include a high fever, severe headache, confusion, seizures, stiff neck, and sensitivity to light. Immunizations used to prevent bacterial meningitis include haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and meningococcal conjugate vaccine. Recently, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended that all teenagers between the ages of 11 and 18 years receive a bacterial meningitis vaccination to reduce the incidence of this condition.

Intravenous antibiotics are required for treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. The type of antibiotics used depends on the type of bacteria causing the condition. This may be determined by examining a sample of the cerebrospinal fluid. Rest, fluids, and over-the-counter pain relievers are recommended for associated fever and body aches. Antiviral medications also may be prescribed.