Available Treatments for Sickle Cell Anemia

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited condition in which there is not a sufficient amount of healthy red blood cells present to transport oxygen throughout the body. The red blood cells are irregularly shaped and die early, which leads to a shortage of red blood cells. Pain may result when red blood cells get stuck in small blood vessels. This causes a reduction in the amount of blood flow and oxygen to certain body parts. Although there is no cure for most persons affected by sickle cell anemia, treatments are available to help alleviate pain and associated complications. Persons with sickle cell anemia have 2 genes for the condition and usually show symptoms after 4 months of age. Symptoms include anemia associated with fatigue, pain, jaundice, and frequent infections.

While bone marrow transplant offers hope for a cure, most persons affected by sickle cell anemia do not have an appropriate donor. Medications used in the treatment of this condition include antibiotics and pain relievers. Penicillin is typically initiated in children with sickle cell anemia at 2 months of age and continued until 5 years of age to help prevent infections such as pneumonia. Hydroxyurea (Droxia, Hydrea) is a prescription medication which may be useful in adults to decrease pain and the need for blood transfusions.