Head Lice Prevention and Treatment

Head lice are wingless insects that sometimes occur on the scalp and feed on blood. Lice infestations are itchy and spread easily, especially between school children. Head lice themselves are most visible at the nape of the neck and over the ears. Lice produce small eggs, also known as nits, which attach to the hair shaft and hatch in about one week, producing more lice. Symptoms of head lice include intense itching and small red bumps appearing on the scalp, neck, and shoulders.Although nits may be mistaken for dandruff, they can be distinguished because they are not easily brushed out of the hair. They are spread through close contact between family members or children interacting or playing close together. They also may be spread between items stored in close contact, such as clothing in closets or on close hooks at school, or personal items such as combs.

Although nonprescription shampoos may kill the lice, a stronger shampoo may need to be prescribed to get rid of the infestation. Lindane (Kwell) is prescribed to treat head lice. Irritation of the skin is a side effect that may occur with this medication. Treatment also involves getting rid of all the nits from bedding and clothing. Prevention includes making sure that children avoid sharing items such as hats, scarves, combs, and other personal belongings at school.