Topical Medications for Dandruff Control

Dandruff is a chronic condition of the scalp, characterized by itching and flaking of the scalp. The condition is not contagious, and usually can be kept under control. A yeast-like fungus has been discovered as a possible cause or trigger of this condition. This finding may lead to the development of improved treatments in the future. The fungus thought to be the cause of dandruff is called malassezia. This organism typically lives on the scalp of healthy adults without causing any abnormalities. However, an overgrowth of the fungus may result in visible dead skin cells. The overgrown fungus feeds on oils secreted by the hair follicles and causes irritation, leading to increased cell turnover.

In mild cases, shampooing with a gentle cleanser everyday may be enough to keep the condition under control. Over-the-counter dandruff shampoos available to treat this condition include those containing zinc pyrithione, such as Head and Shoulders and Selsun Salon. Antibacterial and antifungal products work by reducing the fungus. Neutrogena T/Gel is a tar-based shampoo that works by slowing cell turnover. Ketoconazole (Nizoral) is an antifungal that is available over-the-counter and as a prescription strength medication. Medicated shampoos are available if necessary for treatment.