An Inherited Condition of the Blood

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited condition characterized by abnormalities in the shape of red blood cells. The condition leads to decreased flow of blood throughout the body. Hemoglobin is a component of red blood cells that normally functions to carry oxygen in the blood. In persons with sickle cell anemia, a defect in hemoglobin leads to a decrease in the amount of oxygen that is carried throughout the body. The reduction in blood flow to certain parts of the body can lead to pain and increased susceptibility to infections. If blood flow to the brain is blocked, a stroke could result.

There are treatments available for persons with the condition. Folic acid is a vitamin that can be taken on a daily basis to help with the body’s replacement of damaged blood cells. Penicillin may be taken to prevent serious infections, such as pneumonia. Epoetin alfa (Epogen, Procrit) may be prescribed to improve the amount of normal circulating red blood cells. Hydroxyurea (Hydrea) may be prescribed for sickle cell disease. It is taken daily to help prevent sickle cells from forming. A blood transfusion could also improve the condition by increasing the amount of normal red blood cells circulating in the body. Persons affected with sickle cell anemia may be cured by a bone marrow transplant, however the procedure carries risks.