Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is also referred to as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a vein, usually in the leg. Although the DVT may cause pain, swelling, or redness in the leg, it can also occur without any symptoms. The blood clot sometimes travels to the lungs and can cause a pulmonary embolism (PE). It can become much more serious, however it may also disappear by itself. Signs and symptoms of a PE include shortness of breath, dizziness, and fainting. Persons who are obese, smoke cigarettes, or have high blood pressure may be at an increased risk of VTE. Elderly persons and persons diagnosed with cancer may be at increased risk. Although extended duration of airplane travel can also increase the risk of VTE, this usually occurs only rarely.

Persons who smoke are encouraged to quit, and overweight persons are encouraged to take steps to lose weight to help reduce the risk of VTE. Also, consuming fish once per week and limiting red meat consumption can reduce the risk of VTE. Persons in the hospital may receive medications for prevention of VTE. Low molecular weight heparin, such as enoxaparin (Lovenox), and fondaparinux (Arixtra) may be used to treat and prevent further VTE.