Therapy for Acute Renal Failure

Acute renal failure (ARF) develops within several hours to several days. The kidneys normally function to remove waste and excess fluids from the blood. If the kidneys are not functioning properly, excess waste products such as urea and creatinine can buildup in the body. An elevation in serum creatinine can be an indication of ARF. Other signs and symptoms of ARF include decreased urine output, swollen legs, and fatigue. The condition can occur as a result of an infection, a heart condition, or severe dehydration. Elderly persons and persons in the hospital are at an increased risk of kidney failure. Certain medications, in high doses, also may cause damage to the kidneys, including the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and aspirin.

If kidney damage is caused by an infection, an antibiotic may be prescribed to treat the infection and minimize further damage. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is a medication that may be used for persons with a high amount of potassium in the blood as a result of ARF. If the kidney failure is causing too much fluid retention in the body and swelling, a diuretic medication, such as furosemide (Lasix) or bumetanide (Bumex) may be recommended. Dialysis may be required to filter the blood while the kidneys recover.