Treatments for Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves of the central nervous system (CNS). The condition is characterized by loss of CNS myelin and deterioration of axons. Myelin is a substance that is naturally found surrounding nerves, while the axons serve to send signals from nerves to other cells. Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) is the most common type of MS, and is characterized by periods of attacks alternating with periods of remission. Persons diagnosed with MS experience repeated attacks of neurologic dysfunction. Common signs and symptoms include changes in sensations in the arms and legs, double vision, vertigo, and pain. The exact cause of MS is still unknown.

Although there is currently no cure for MS, there are a variety of medications approved for treatment of this condition. Disease-modifying drugs are typically prescribed once a diagnosis has been made. These medications work to slow the progression of MS over time. Avonex, Rebif, Betaseron, and Extavia are brand names of injectable interferons that are prescribed. They work to regulate the immune system. Fingolimod (Gilenya) is the first disease-modifying medication for treatment of MS that is taken by mouth.