Treatment Options for Joint Pain

     Arthritis is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation and swelling of the joints. The joints of the fingers, wrists, and toes are typically first affected. The shoulders, knees, and ankles may be involved. Affected persons may experience periods of remission, however treatment is typically needed for remission to occur. Damage to the joints caused by the condition is ususally irreversible.

     Exercise can lessen the pain associated with arthritis. Daily activities, such as housework and shopping, can also help. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be taken to reduce inflammation. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) also work to decrease inflammation, and prevent damage to the joints. Methotrexate (Rheumatrex), hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), and leflunomide (Arava) are examples of DMARDs. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, such as etanercept (Enbrel), adalimumab (Humira), and golimumab (Simponi), bind to a specific substance that is involved with the arthritis inflammatory process. Glucocorticoids, such as prednisone and prednisolone, work to decrease inflammation, pain, and swelling. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and tramadol (Ultram) may be taken to alleviate pain, however do not work to decrease inflammation.