CPR/Medications for Sudden Cardiac Arrest

In adults, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) typically occurs due to an arrhythmia in a person with heart disease that may or may not be diagnosed. There usually are not any symptoms preceding the sudden at- tack, however chest pains, shortness of breath, and weakness may be present prior to SCA. In the event of an SCA, time is critical. Emergency medical services should be contacted as soon as possible and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) started. Use of a defibrillator and early advanced cardiac life support by a healthcare provider are also important components in treatment of SCA.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is important to restore normal blood flow as soon as possible, and consists of cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths if the person is not breathing and does not have a pulse. If a defibrillator is available, a shock should be delivered and should be alternated with 5 cycles of CPR as needed until emergency services arrives. Advanced cardiac life support consists of therapy progressing from vasopressor medicines to antiarrhythmics, if alternating shocks are unsuccessful. Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic that is the first choice treatment for SCA. Vasopressin is a vasoconstrictor that works to increase blood pressure. Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic that may be used if vasopressors are unsuccessful.