Treatment for Low Thyroid Hormone

Hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone) is the most common thyroid condition. There is an underproduction of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Two thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), regulate the body’s storage and use of energy. The pituitary gland produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which in turn causes the production of these two thyroid hormones. When an inadequate amount of hormones is produced, the body’s metabolism slows down. A blood test can measure TSH and T4 to help with the diagnosis of the condition. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, decreased energy, muscle aches, weight gain, dry skin, and getting cold easily. If left untreated, elevated blood pressure and cholesterol could result.

Treatments are available that aim to return TSH and T4 levels to normal ranges and to improve symptoms. Thyroid hormone replacement is achieved with medications. Levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl) is a form of T4 that is taken by mouth once daily, and is converted to T3 in the body. Elderly persons and persons with heart disease will likely need a lower dose. Blood levels of TSH will usually be monitored periodically to assess treatment effect, and although doses may be adjusted, treatment will likely continue for life.