What Causes a Sore Throat?

     A sore throat is usually caused by an infection with bacteria or viruses. Strep throat is a sore throat caused by bacteria. Throat pain, fever, enlarged neck glands, and white patches in the throat are signs and symptoms of strep throat. A rapid test using a throat swab can be used at a doctor’s office to determine if the cause of symptoms is bacteria. Cough, runny nose, and itchy red eyes are common symptoms that are more likely to indicate that a sore throat is caused by a virus. Influenza viruses, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses are different types of viruses that can cause a sore throat.

     Frequent and thorough hand washing is an essential component of preventing the spread of infections. For strep throat, an antibiotic such as penicillin or amoxicillin (Moxatag) may be prescribed for treatment of the infection, and to prevent spread of the infection to other persons. However, if a virus is the cause of infection, an antibiotic would not be beneficial. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) may be taken for relief of pain. Children should not be given aspirin due to the risk of Reye syndrome. Cough drops may be used to alleviate dryness and pain, and may contain menthol for cooling or an anesthetic such as benzocaine for pain relief.