Treatments for Low Sodium

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) occurs when antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also known as vasopressin) retains water. Hyponatremia (low sodium)  is a consequence of the condition, characterized by an inadequate amount of sodium in the body. The condition can occur when the body retains too much water, resulting in a diluted concentration of sodium in the body. Symptoms include headache, nausea, weakness, restlessness, and seizures. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medicines, such as citalopram (Celexa) and paroxetine (Paxil) may lead to hyponatremia. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic medication that can also lead to an inadequate amount of sodium in the body.

Persons with hyponatremia may be advised to limit fluid intake. Sodium chloride, in the form of intravenous saline or salt tablets taken by mouth, may be prescribed. A loop diuretic, such as furosemide (Lasix) may be beneficial when taken along with salt tablets, as this medication increases the excretion of water. Vasopressin receptor antagonist medications work to improve water excretion, without affecting sodium excretion. Tolvaptan (Samsca) is a vasopressin receptor antagonist that is taken by mouth, while conivaptan (Vaprisol) is administered intravenously for persons in the hospital.





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