The main role of the kidneys is to get rid of the body’s wastes and extra water. Chronic kidney disease is the slow loss of kidney function over time. It may take years for the kidney to reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD). At ESRD, the kidneys cannot function and a person will require dialysis or a kidney transplant to regulate salt and water balance. The main causes of chronic kidney disease include diabetes and high blood pressure. Other causes include lupus, polycystic kidney disease, kidney stones and infection, reflux nephropathy, and some chemotherapy.
Uncontrolled chronic kidney disease can increase a person’s blood pressure, increase the amount of electrolytes in the blood, decrease the production of red blood cells, and decrease vitamin D levels. Controlling blood pressure with ACE inhibitors (Lisinopril, Benazepril) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (Valsartan, Candesartan) can help reduce blood pressure and delay the progression of this condition. Some people may have to take a phosphate binder such as Sevelamer carbonate (Renvela) to prevent phosphate levels in the blood from becoming dangerously high. Erythropoietin-stimulating agents such as Darbepoetin alfa (Aranesp) can be taken to help make more red blood cells.
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