Reye’s Syndrome and Aspirin

Reye’s syndrome is a potentially life-threatening condition that affects the brain and liver. Children and adolescents who are taking aspirin and are also infected with a virus such as that which causes influenza or varicella zoster (virus that causes chickenpox) are at highest risk for this condition. Symptoms occur suddenly, and include confusion, vomiting, weakness, and seizures. Other symptoms may include difficulty speaking, and loss of muscle function. Swelling of the brain and liver failure can result, and the condition may progress to a coma.

Reye’s syndrome is not too common because aspirin is now usually avoided during a viral illness in children as a precaution. Aspirin and other medications available over-the-counter that contain salicylates, such as bismuth salicylate (Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate), should not be given to children who may be infected with a virus, such as a child with a cold or fever. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is preferred over aspirin if a medication is needed to relieve pain or fever in a child. Although the condition is rare, if it does occur, treatments are available. A steroid may be given to decrease brain swelling, fluids may be administered intravenously, and oxygen may be supplemented. Glucose may also need to be supplemented if low blood sugar occurs.